Heart examination | Cardiovascular System Auscultation

examination of the heart and the peripheral arterial and venous circulations, and appropriate laboratory studies. A careful assessment will enable the examiner to identify the etiologic (eti·o·log·ic), anatomic (an·a·tom·ic), and physiologic (phys·i·o·log·ic) components of a specific cardiovascular disorder, as well as to determine overall cardiac function. The examination involves inspection, palpation, and auscultation of the heart and vessels. Proper use of a quality stethoscope is essential during auscultation. A diaphragm pressed firmly on the chest filters out low-frequency vibrations and amplifies high-frequency vibrations. It is routinely used to hear the 1st and 2nd heart sounds, systolic murmurs, and the diastolic murmur of aortic regurgitation. The bell should be applied to the chest with very light pressure, barely creating an air seal, so low-frequency sounds and murmurs are appreciated. It is used to hear the 3rd and 4th heart sounds and the diastolic murmur of mitral stenosis. MedSim includes case simulations in which a student interacts with a virtual patient to obtain the history, conduct a physical exam and make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. The student may ask questions to the virtual patient, order medical examinations or therapy activities and determine the outcome. The student works his way toward a correct final diagnosis by moving through several sections followed by a patient management until the patient is completely cured or discharged. Thus the student's decisions have direct consequences on the virtual patient's treatment outcome. The use of simulation is a practical and safe approach to the acquisition and maintenance of task-oriented and behavioural skills across the spectrum of medical specialties. Simulation offers clinicians a safe, practical, and credible means to acquire skills and learn how to optimally manage clinical scenarios.

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